Cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions de la Rencontre internationale "Fanon 2011" organisée en Martinique en décembre 2011. Autour de quatre ensembles (Ouverture ; Fanon, l'Algérie ; Fanon la psychiatrie, l'anthropologie et la littérature ; Fanon et l'aujourd'hui du monde), ces textes nous montre la dimension universelle de la pensée subversive de Frantz Fanon.

" Procréation et droits de l'enfant " : ce thème, caractérisé par un large éventail de problématiques, se situe au cœur d'un questionnement auquel les spécialistes de la natalité sont confrontés. Alors que, notamment, des techniques nouvelles viennent perturber nos approches traditionnelles de la procréation, il importe, sans renoncer aveuglément aux innovations de la science, de rester prudent devant des évolutions scientifiques qui pourraient mettre en périt notre Humanité. On trouvera, dans le présent ouvrage, des réflexions qui - émanant d'autorités (...) religieuses, de philosophes, de spécialistes des sciences biomédicales et de juristes - contribuent à éclairer, dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, les considérations éthiques qui accompagnent le début de la vie et la naissance des êtres humains. (shrink)

The Nuzi Workshop at the 55th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Edited by P. Abrahami and B. Lion. Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians, vol. 19. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2012. Pp. xi + 292, illus. $70.

Comprendre l'acte de traduire suppose de l'analyser comme imbriqué dans des rapports de force entre des pays et leurs langues et de le situer dans la hiérarchie internationale. Ce qui oblige à rompre avec cette illusion du sens commun qui considère la traduction comme une opération supposée neutre et définie comme le déplacement d'un texte d'une langue à une autre dans le cadre d'un « échange linguistique égal », c'est-à-dire comme un transfert linéaire horizontal. La traduction pose le problème de (...) l'inégalité linguistique et constitue un enjeu essentiel des luttes pour la légitimité symbolique, culturelle et littéraire d'une langue et d'un pays: traduire, c'est penser la culture dans son rapport avec les autres cultures.Understand the act of translation involves analyzed as embedded in power relations between countries and languages ​​and to place in the international hierarchy. Forcing to break this illusion of common sense which sees translation as an operation supposedly neutral and defined as moving text from one language to another as part of a "language exchange equal 'c' is to say, as a horizontal linear transfer. Translation is the problem of linguistic inequality is a major issue and struggles for legitimacy symbolic, cultural and literary language and country: translating is thinking culture in its relationship with other cultures. (shrink)

For over a century, philosophers have argued that philosophy is impossible or useless, or both. Although the basic notion dates back to the days of Socrates, there is still heated disagreement about the nature of truth, reality, knowledge, the good, and God. This may make little practical difference to our lives, but it leaves us with a feeling of radical uncertainty, a feeling described by Kolakowski as "metaphysical horror." "The horror is this," he says, "if nothing truly exists except the (...) Absolute, the Absolute is nothing if nothing truly exists except myself, I am nothing." The aim of this book, for Kolakowski, is finding a way out of this seeming dead end. In a trenchant analysis that serves as an introduction to nearly all of Western philosophy, Kolakowski confronts these dilemmas head on through examinations of several prominent philosophers including Descartes, Spinoza, Husserl, and many of the Neo-Platonists. He finds that philosophy may not provide definitive answers to the fundamental questions, yet the quest itself transforms our lives. It may undermine most of our certainties, yet it still leaves room for our spiritual yearnings and religious beliefs. The final sentence of the book captures the hopefulness that has survived the horror of nothingness when Kolakowski asks: "Is it not reasonable to suspect that if existence were pointless and the universe devoid of meaning, we would never have achieved not only the ability to imagine otherwise, but even the ability to entertain this very thought--to wit, that existence is pointless and the universe devoid of meaning?" The answer, of course, is clear. Now it is up to readers to take up the challenge of his arguments. (shrink)

First lecture: The end -- Second lecture: The means -- Third lecture: The achievements.

Leszek Kolakowski discusses, in a highly original way, the arguments for and against the existence of God as they have been conducted through the ages. He examines the critiques of religious belief, from the Epicureans through Nietzsche to contemporary anthropological inquiry, the assumptions that underlie them, and the counter-arguments of such apologists as Descartes, Leibniz, and Pascal. His exploration of the philosophy of religion covers the historical discussions of the nature and existence of evil, the importance of the concepts (...) of failure and eternity to the religious impulse, the relationship between skepticism and mysticism, and the place of reason, understanding, and in models of religious thought. He examines why people, throughout known history, have cherished the idea of eternity and existence after death, and why this hope has been dependent on the worship of an eternal reality. He confronts the problems of meaning in religious language. (shrink)

The article deals with the philosophy of Nikolai Berdjaev (1874–1948), which he formulated between The Philosophy of Inequality (written in 1918, but published in 1923) and The New Middle - Ages (1924). Berdjaev’s philosophy is analyzed in the context of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its aftermath. The other point of reference is the crisis of culture and civilisation, which affected the West in the inter-war period. Berdjaev’s position has been interpreted in view of the archetypal myth of the (...) struggle of the two principles, the principle of order (cosmos) and the forces of destruction (chaos). This myth is tied to the millenialist world view. Berdjaev took an anti-utopian stance. He juxtaposed the utopian-revolutionary principle with the hierarchical-creative one. From this position he criticized among others democracy, liberalism and socialism. In the midst of the crisis of the 1920s he remarked the possibility of spiritual rejuvenation putting forward the concept of the New Middle-Ages. One can say that at that time Berdjaev’s philosophy evolved within the conservative-creative framework, from the utopia of conservatism to the utopia of ‘free creativity’. (shrink)

Leszek Kołakowski explores 23 questions asked by great philosophers, introducing us to the great ideas and philosophers of Western thought.

Dans le cadre de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfance, à la fin des années 1980, les Nations unies ont encouragé de nombreux pays à créer des lieux de rencontres médiatisées pour assurer la continuité des liens parentaux lorsque les mineurs sont physiquement éloignés d’un ou de deux parents. En Italie, un service appelé « Spazio neutro » (espace neutre) a ainsi vu le jour. Il représente un espace à la fois physique et psychique voué au soutien, au (...) maintien ou à la refondation des liens parentaux en souffrance. À l’aide d’un suivi familial issu de l’expérience clinique d’un des auteurs de l’article dans une commune de l’Italie centrale, les caractéristiques et les spécificités d’un tel service seront illustrées ici. (shrink)

Henri Bergson was born the year that Darwin published On the Origin of Species. The significance of this and other works on the theory of evolution in the development of Bergson's philosophy became clear when he published Creative Evolution and established himself as one of Europe's most influential thinkers. Kolakowski shows how Bergson sought to reconcile Darwinian theory with the view that all matter is propelled by an internal life-drive.

Wychodząc od metaforycznego (figuralnego) ujęcia problemu zła, w oparciu o wybrane przemyślenia Leszka Kołakowskiego, rozważania składające się na artykuł zmierzają do namysłu nad „złem w polityce” w sensie niedomagań i nadużyć wolności: pokus władzy autokratycznej i totalitarnej. Dotyczą antropologicznego i politycznego przekraczania granic wolności kosztem (aż do zniesienia) wolności innych. Evil Politics or Trouble with the Devil. Reflections on the Political Demonology of Leszek Kołakowski Proceeding from a metaphorical (figurative) account of the problem of evil, and based on (...) class='Hi'>Leszek Kołakowski’s selected thoughts, this paper’s considerations aim to deliberate on “evil in politics” in the spirit of the shortcomings and excesses of freedom: namely, the lure of autocratic and totalitarian power. At issue is how the bounds of freedom are anthropologically and politically transgressed at the expense (to the point of abolishing) the freedom of others. (shrink)

The article deals with the philosophy of Nikolai Berdjaev, which he formulated between The Philosophy of Inequality and The New Middle-Ages. Berdjaev’s philosophy is analyzed in the context of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its aftermath. The other point of reference is the crisis of culture and civilisation, which affected the West in the inter-war period. Berdjaev’s position has been interpreted in view of the archetypal myth of the struggle of the two principles, the principle of order and the (...) forces of destruction. This myth is tied to the millenialist world view. Berdjaev took an anti-utopian stance. He juxtaposed the utopian-revolutionary principle with the hierarchical-creative one. From this position he criticized among others democracy, liberalism and socialism. In the midst of the crisis of the 1920s he remarked the possibility of spiritual rejuvenation putting forward the concept of the New Middle-Ages. One can say that at that time Berdjaev’s philosophy evolved within the conservative-creative framework, from the utopia of conservatism to the utopia of ‘free creativity’. (shrink)

Podjęta w artykule problematyka dotyczy słynnej figury Wielkiego Inkwizytora, z którą spotykamy się w filozoficznych rozważaniach Józefa Tischnera; oczywiście, figury wprost zaczerpniętej z kart powieści Fiodora Dostojewskiego. Nie są to zresztą jedyne nawiązania myśli Tischnera do „imaginarium filozoficznego” twórcy Braci Karamazow. Warto zatem przyjrzeć się bliżej temu, co kryje się w „cieniu”, jaki roztacza wokół siebie Wielki Inkwizytor. Rozważania, nolens volens, muszą zatem dotyczyć „darów” Wielkiego Inkwizytora: pozornego dobra i pozornej wolności. Innymi słowy: zapytamy o postać Wielkiego Inkwizytora jako – (...) niepokojącą, wciąż groźną – „centralną postać nowożytnej filozofii władzy”. I Dostojewski, i Tischner przywołują bowiem pytania, które nie dają się prostym sposobem odsunąć i gestem tym niejako unieważnić, nadal stawiają nas przed niebezpieczeństwem „iluzji” politycznej, w której stawką pozostają najwyższe wartości. (shrink)

We show, under the assumption that factoring is hard, that a model of PV exists in which the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse to the linear hierarchy; that a model of S21 exists in which NP is not in the second level of the linear hierarchy; and that a model of S21 exists in which the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the linear hierarchy. Our methods are model-theoretic. We use the assumption about factoring to get a model in which the weak (...) pigeonhole principle fails in a certain way, and then work with this failure to obtain our results. As a corollary of one of the proofs, we also show that in S21 the failure of WPHP (for Σb1 definable relations) implies that the strict version of PH does not collapse to a finite level. (shrink)

Résumé L’auteur interroge la relation complexe que la peinture de Bernard Villers entretient avec la culture du livre et avec la pratique de l’édition. En effet, le livre – dans tous les sens du terme – a profondément marqué sa démarche de peintre. Il s’agit donc d’analyser l’impulsion que le livre a pu donner à la pratique et aux stratégies picturales. Plusieurs aspects de cette fascination pour la possibilité de faire de la peinture en faisant des livres sont donc passés (...) en revue à la recherche d’une cohérence : les inspirations littéraires, l’inscription du livre dans le quotidien, le livre comme objet, etc., mais surtout l’utilisation du recto et du verso en peinture. (shrink)

Poland, after social-politic-economic transformation in 1989, became a capitalistic, free-market country. In this conditions human being can be perceived as an object, not a subject of economic life. Therefore the import ant issue is to take up problems associated with human subjectivity. And human subjectivity is expressed in his personal dignity.

This book was written with the purpose of revealing the duty of each individual to search for truth and the meaning of existence. Thinking requires determination and endurance. It is not easy. Above all, passion for truth is necessary for every honest seeker.

Modifying the methods of Z. Adamowicz's paper Herbrand consistency and bounded arithmetic [3] we show that there exists a number n such that ⋃m Sm (the union of the bounded arithmetic theories Sm) does not prove the Herbrand consistency of the finitely axiomatizable theory $S_{3}^{n}$.

This compound paper presents the views of two Polish philosophers on the strong international pressures influencing the development of Polish philosophy in recent times. The first part, by Leszek Koczanowicz, treats the philosophical situation and problems of totalitarian Poland under the influence of Soviet Marxism, while the second part, by Adam Chmielewski, focuses on the main trends and difficulties of post‐totalitarian Poland, dominated by Western influence.